SYLLABUS FOR THE POST OF LECTURERS IN GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNICS

SYLLABUS

GENERAL STUDIES AND MENTAL ABILITY

I. General Science – Contemporary developments in Science and Technology and their
implications including matters of every day observation and experience, as may be expected of
a well-educated person who has not made a special study of any scientific discipline.

II. Current events of national and international importance.

III. History of India – emphasis will be on broad general understanding of the subject in its
social, economic, cultural and political aspects with a focus on AP Indian National Movement.

IV. World Geography and Geography of India with a focus on AP.

V. Indian polity and Economy – including the country’s political system- rural development –
Planning and economic reforms in India.

VI. Mental ability – reasoning and inferences.

VII. DISASTER MANAGEMENT (Source : CBSE Publications)
1. Concepts in disaster management and vulnerability profile of India / State of A.P.
2. Earth quakes / Cyclones / Tsunami / Floods / Drought – causes and effects.
3. Man made disasters - Prevention strategies.
4. Mitigation strategies / Mitigation measures.

1 . CIVIL ENGINEERING

01. ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES:
Sending stresses and shear stresses in beams;
Deflection and slope of beams;
Combined bending and direct stresses; axially and eccentrically loaded columns;
Close-Coiled and open-coiled; helical springs under axial load and axial twist; carriage springs;
Analysis thin and thick cylinders; compound cylinders;
Analysis of statically determinate plane trusses; method of joints and method of sections.
Analysis of statically indeterminate beams; proposed canti-levers, fixed beams and continuous
beams.
Strain energy method, slope-deflection method, moment distribution method and Kaini’s method
of analysis of indeterminate structures.
Influence lines and moving loads on beams and simple bridge trusses.
 
02. STRUCTURAL DESIGN:
Reinforced concrete, concrete technology, R.C.C. Design, working stress method and limit state
method, Design of beams, Design of one-way and two-way slabs, design of axially loaded
columns, design of continuous beams and slabs; Design of wall footings and isolated footings,
combined footings, raft foundations, and retaining walls by limit state method, water tanks,
Deck-slab and T-beam bridges by working stress method. Structural Steel – design of revetted
and welded joints, design of tension members;
Compression members, simple and compound beams. Design of plate girders, crane girders
and roof-trusses. Elements of pre-stressed concrete.





03. FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINES:
Fluid properties; fluid static’s; fluid-flow concepts; Laminar and turbulent flow; steady and
unsteady-flow, uniform and non-uniform flow; Fundamental EQUATIONS; CONTINUITY
EQUATION; Euler’s equation of motion; Bernoulli’s equation, Analysis of liquid jets; flow through
orifies and mouth pieces; radial flow, flow along a curved path; Momentum equation and
applications; Moment of Momentum equation. Dimensional analysis and similitude; Viscous
flow-laminar flow through circular pipes; velocity distribution in laminar flow. Turbulent flow in
pipes, velocity distribution in turbulent flow; Flow measurement – pressure moment, velocity
measurement and discharge measurement, venturimeter, Orifice, meter, notches and weins.
Hydraulic machines; Turbines and pumps; basic equations; Orifice, performance, selection,
specific speed.



04. WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING:
Steady flow through open channels. Uniform flow in channels; Chezy and Manning’s formulae.
Specific energy and critical depth. Hydraulic jump – Momentum equation for a hydraulic jump.
Surface Water hydrology; Hydrologic cycle, hydrologic data- measurement of precipation,
evaporation, transpiration, and infiltration. Runoff, determination of run-off. Steam gauging;
floor-Studies, Hydrograph and unit hydrograph, flood routing. Ground water resources, Darcy’s
law, Dupuits equation, yield of wells, recuperation test.


05. SURVEYING:
Chain surveying; compass surveying, plane table surveying; leveling and contouring, Minor
instruments; Areas and Volumes; Theodolite surveying and traversing; Tachometry; Curve
ranging; setting out works.
Principles and uses of triangulation, hydrographic surveying, Arial photogrammetry and photo
interpretation, remote sensing and electromagnetic distance measurement.


06. GEO-TECHNICAL ENGINEERING:
Physical properties of soils; identification and classification of soils; permeability and seepage;
consolidation; shearing strength of soil; stability of earth slopes; site investigation and sub soil
exploration.
Stress distribution in soil; soil; compaction; lateral earth pressure and retaining walls; bearing
capacity and shallow foundations; pile foundations; well foundations; Machine foundations.


07. TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING:
Highway Engineering; classification of roads; highway alignment and surveys; geometric design
of highways; elements of traffic engineering; highway materials and testing; elements of
pavement design; construction and maintenance of earth gravel, W.B.M., bitumenous and
concrete roads; highway drainage.
Railway Engineering; engineering surveys for a new railway route, gauge and gauge problem;
track components; ballast; sleepers; rails anrail fastenings; Station and station yards;
requirements and requirement for station yards; signaling and inter locking. Elements of cross
drainage works; causeways; culverts; bridges.


08 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING:
Water supply engineering; sources of water supply, conveyance of water, distribution systems;
quality of water; treatment of water; filtration; dis-infection; methods of water treatment.
Sanitary engineering; sewerage and sewage disposal; house fittings; design of sewers;
characteristics of sewage, primary and secondary treatment of sewage’ methods of disposal of
sewage.

                2. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

01. FLUID MECHANICS:
Fluid Properties, fluid static’s, Kinematics and Dynamics, Euler’s equation, sernoulli’s energy
equation, flow of ideal fluids, Viscous in compressible flows – laminar flow, boundary layer,
basic features of turbulent flow, flow through pipes, fluid machinery, Specific speed and
classification of fluid machines. Performance and operation of pumps, impulse and reaction
turbines, velocity triangles and degree of reaction.

02. THERMO DYNAMICS:
Thermo dynamic systems, measurements of temperature work, heat and internal energy. First
law of thermodynamics, ideal gas equation Air standard cycles, Carnot, Otto, Diesel, dual and
joule cycle. Energy and Enthaipy. Second law of Thermo dynamics. Available and Unavailable
energies. Reversible and irriversible processes. Psychrometry, Properties of pure substances.

03. MATERIAL SCIENCE:
Structure of metal and alloys, Binding in solids. Imperfections of metals and in crystals, fracture,
creep, fatigue and corrossion. Phase Rule, phase transformation diagrams and lever rule.

04. ENGINEERING MECHANICS AND STRENGTH OF MATERIALS:
Equivalent force systems, free body concepts and equations of equilibrium, frictional forces.
Kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies. Stress and strain, elastic limit, yield point and ultimate
stress, shear force and bending moment diagrams for beams. Calculation of stress slope and
deflection in beams, theories of failure, torsion of circular shaft, thin cylinders, equivalent
bending moment for solid and hollow shafts.

05. MANUFACTURING PROCESSES:
Classification of manufacturing processes. Fundamentals of casting. Classification of casting
process. Sandcasting – patterns, molding, melting and pouring solidification, cleaning and
finishing casting defects. Metal forming – hot and cold working, forging, rolling extrusion, wire
and tube drawing, deep drawing, blanking and stamping processes.
Fundamentals of welding arc and gas welding, brazing and soldering, heat treatment –
appealing – normalizing, hardening and tempering.

06. APPLIED THERMO DYNAMICS:
Internal combustion engines classification, working and performance of C.I. and S.I. engines
combustion process in I.C. Engines Rating of fuels, pre ignition and knocking in I.C. Engines,
Carburation and injetion, Reciprocating air compressors – Single and ;multi stage compressors,
inter cooling, volumetric efficiency.
Rotary Compressors – fans blowers and compressors Axial and Centrifugal compressors –
merits and demerits.
Boilers and condensors – types of boilers and condensors, calculation of boiler efficiency and
equivalent evaporation, feed water heaters.
Steam and Gas turbines Impulse and reaction turbines degree of reaction velocity triangles,
ranking cycle for steam turbine power plant reheating and regeneration Gas turbine cycles
methods of improving gas turbine cycle efficiency.

07. HEAT TRANSFER AND REFRIGERATION:
Modes of heat transfer, one dimensional steady and unsteady heat conduction convective heat
transfer forced convection over flat plates and tubes, free convection over cylinders and flat
plates radiative heat transfer-black and grey surfaces. Types of heat exchangers – heat
exchanger performance LMTD and NTU methods vapor compression cycle analysis. COP; and
its estimation vapor absorption refrigeration cycle properties of refrigerators.

08. MACHINE DESIGN:
Design for static and dynamic loading fatigue strength stress concentration, factor of safety
designing of bolted, riveted and welded joints, hydro dynamic lubrication, journal and roller
bearings design of spur and helical gears, clutches and breaks. Belt and rope drives Design of
shafts, keys and couplings.

09. THEORY OF MACHINES:
Constrained motion, plane mechanisms, velocity acceleration analysis, Flywheel and their
applications, Balancing of reciprocating and rotating masses cams and followers, Tooth profiles
Types of gears Principles of gyroscope, vibration of free and forced one degree of freedom
systems with and without damping, critical speed of shaft.
10. PRODUCTION ENGINEERING:
Metal cutting and machining types of chips, chip formation tool wear and tool life, machine
ability single point and multi point cutting operations machining processes shaping, planning,
turning, milling, grinding, hobbling and drilling operating unconventional machining processes –
USM, EDM, ECM and LBM. Basic features of NC Machines tools linear and angular
measurements, Comparators, limit gauges, screw and gear measurements.
11. INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT:
Industrial organisations and plant layout production planning and control cost of manufacturing.
Break even analysis. Time and motion study, basic linear programming and queing theory.
PERT / CPM in production systems.

3. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

01. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS, FIELDS & MEASUREMENTS:
Network elements – Ohm’s law and Kirchoff’s laws – formation of mesh and nodal equations –
topological description of networks – response of R, L and C elements to arbitrary excitations –
Laplace transform method of analysing networks.
Network theorems – superposition, Thevenin’s Norton’s theorems – Maximum power transfer
thereciprocity theorem – applications – two port parameters – Z, Y, ABCD, H para meters – their
relationships.
A.C. Circuits – single phase circuits – J-notation – calculations – resonance – Polyphase –
circuits – measurements of polyphase power.
Electromagnetic theory – general relations in static fields – potential gradient and field intensity
– flux density – Gauss’s law – Poisson and Laplace equations – relations in electromagnetic
fields – ampere’s law – flux and flux density – divergence and curl – vector magnetic potential.
Electrical measurements – Types of measuring instruments – Principles of operation –
extension of ranges – instrument transformers.

02. CONTROL SYSTEMS, COMPUTATION AND ELECTRONICS
Control systems – Types of servo mechanisms – equations and models of linear systems –
block diagrams – time response of second order systems – stability criteria – root locus
technique – frequency response – Nyquist criterion – Bode plots.
Elements of computation: Digital systems – flow charts and algorithms – FORTRAN – types of
statements – logical expressions – Assignment statements – program structure – Scientific and
Engineering applications.
Electronics: Solid-state devices and circuits – small signal amplifier design – feedback amplifiers
– Oscillators – FETS – Thyristors.

03. ELECTRICAL MACHINES:

Principles of Electromechanical Energy Conversion: Basic ideas of production of torque –
concepts of generation of voltages – formulae for voltage and torque production.
Three phase induction motors: The revolving field theory – Principles of operation of induction
motor – torque equation – Computation of performance – torque speed characteristics – motor
starters – conventional and thyristor controllers for speed control of induction motors.
Single phase motors: Revolving field theory – types of single-phase motors – equivalent circuits
– speed control – applications.
Synchronous machines: Generation of 3-phase voltages – types of synchronous machines –
equivalent circuit – experimental determination of reactances – voltage regulation and efficiency
– parallel operation – transient and subtransient reactances – synchronous motors – theory of
operation - -phase of diagram – equivalent circuit – performance and power factor control –
applications.
Special machines: Two phase servomotors – stepper motors – methods of operation –
metadyne and amplidyne – operating characteristics and applications.
D.C. Machines and Transformers.

04. POWER SYSTEMS:
Generation: Methods of power generation – steam, hydro, nuclear, diesel – selection of site for
each – general layout of each type – function of each component – economics of different types
– base and peak load stations – pumped stations – simple calculations in hydro station design.
Transmission: A.C. Vs. D.C. transmission – criteria for selection of voltages – transmission line
parameters – G.M.D. and G.M.R – concepts for short, medium and long lines – line calculations
– A.B.C and D constance – load flow analysis – surge impedance loading.
Corona and insulators: production of corona – disruptive and visual corona – corona loss –
methods to avoid corona – types of insulators – string efficiency.
Fault analysis: Per unit representation: fault analysis – Symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults –
application of symmetrical components – reactors.
Protection: Switch gear – methods of arc extinction – classification of circuit breakers –
definitions – calculations in switch gear – testing of circuit breakers – Relaying principles –
primary and back up relaying – definitions – operation of different types of relays – applications
to line, transformer and generator protection – protection of lines and equipment against voltage
surges – travelling wave theory.
Utilisation: Industrial drives – motors for various applications – braking – methods of heating and
welding – welding transformer – Economics and other aspects of track electrification.
 
4. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

01. Network analysis, Topology, Tree Tieset out set, first and Second order Circuits.
Steady State and Transient response, Sinusoidal steady State Analysis.
Series and parallel Resonance, Network Theorems, Laplace Transforms, Fourier series, Fourier
Transforms – Applications, Two port.
Network Parameters, Interconnection of two ports, Image Impedance, Image Parameters.
Filters – constant K and M derived sections. Electronics Devices – Diodes, Transistors, FET
biasing, and characteristics, Frequency, Response, Amplifier circuits.
Electro Magnetic Theory – Maxell’s Equations. Coulomb’s law, Amper’s law , Faraday’s law,
Poynting Energy Theorem, Stoke’s theorem, uniform plane waves.
Transmission Line Theory – Standing waves & Travelling waves, Reflection, VSWR.

02. Feedback Amplifiers and oscillator Circuits Wave Shaping circuits, Logic Gates, Boolean
Theorems, Adders & Subtractors. Antennas & Propagation – Radiation Principle, Antenna
parameters.
Definitions.
Directional Antennas, Linear Antenna Arrays, Broadside & End fire Arrays, Gain, Directivity,
Radiation pattern.
Ground Wave, Sky Wave, Ionosphere Propagation, Guided Waves, Rectangular Wave-Guide
Analysis, Microwave Circuits and Components.
Microwave Tubes, Klystron, Magnetron, and TWT.
Modulation Techniques – AM, FM, PM. Channel capacity, Noise, AM, FM, Transmitters, Radio
Receivers.
TV and Satellite Communication – Principles Radar Equation and Applications of Radar
Computer Programming, FORTRAN, BASIC, PASCAL, Are Programming languages.
 
                  5. COMPUTER ENGINEERING

01. Logic families, gates, flip-flops, Multiplexers, decoders, registers, counters, adder
circuits, Boolean algebra, Combinational circuit design, minimisation, sequential circuit design,
number systems, inter conversion, number representation, computer organisation, instruction
formats, addressing modes, micro-programming, ALU organisation, multiplication and division
algorithms, memory hierarchy, cache and associate memories, virtual memory, memory IC’s,
I/Oo organisation schemes, interrupts, arbitration, DMA, IOP, micro processors, interfacing,
pipeline, SIMD and MIMD organisations, proposition and predicate logic’s, methods of
deduction, set theory, relations, functions, algebraic structures, lattices, recursion,
combinatorics, graph theory, representation, path matrix, warshall’s algorithm, cyclic and
bipartite graphs, planner graphs, Hamiltonian graph, chromatic number, trees, binary tree
traversals, representation of expressions, spanning trees, breadth-first and depth-first
algorithms, finite automation, pushdown automation, Turing machine, grammars, type 0, 1, 2,
and 3, LL and LR grammars.

02. Algorithms, flow-charts, programming methodology, data structures, PASCAL,
FORTRAN, COBAL and ‘C’ languages, theory of programming languages, file organisation,
searching and sorting; methods, DBMS, database models, query languages, operating system,
directory concept, processor scheduling, memory allocation, paging and segmentation, device
management, deadlocks and prevention, concurrent processing. DOS and UNIX features,
language processors, syntax and semantic analysis, code generation, optimisation, assemblers,
loaders and linkers, algorithm design techniques, Computer networks, digital modulation
techniques, modems, error detection and error correction, BISYNC and HDLC protocols, OSI
model, network routing algorithms, LAN operation methods, Computer graphics, DDA
algorithms, graphic primities, 2-D transformations, graphic input devices, software engineering
development life-cycle, system analysis, modular design, testing and validation, CASE tools, AI
techniques, natural language understanding, learning, knowledge representation, expert
systems, LISP, PROLOG.
 
                  6. TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY

1. Introduction of Textile Fibres, their general properties physical and chemical and
classification of Textile Fibres. Microscopic view of fibres.

2. Application of cotton fibre and Raw material, cultivation of cotton, common diseases and
plant protection methods. Important varieties.

3. Manmade fibres and their raw materials. Outline of production of synthetic fibres.
Physical and chemical properties and microscopic view.

4. SPINNING:

i) Methods of picking: manual and mechanical

ii) Ginning: Objectives and methods

iii) Mixing: Blending of different varieties, types of mixing, auto mixer, aeromixers.

iv) Blow room line and various machines used in it. Convept of beating point and its
use in spinning of different fibres.

v) Lap defects and remedies

vi) Calculations regarding beter speeds, lap weight, hank of lap, drafts and
production.

CARDING: Objectives and principles of carding, functioning of carding machine. Types of
carding machine. Calculations regarding carding machine, lap sliver study, waste control in
carding, Tandem cards, Auto leveler, card sliver, lap feed and chute feed systems.
DRAW FRAME: Objects, Principles and various machines used in drawing process.
Functions of draw frame machines. Different types of Drafting systems, weighing systems,
Roller settings and draft distribution. Calculations regarding draw frame. Study of lapping
and lapping machines.
COMBER: Objects, principles and different types of combing machines and calculations
there of.
SPEED FRAME: Principles, objects and functions of speed frame. Working of speed frame
and calculation regarding speed frames.
RING FRAME: Principles, objects and functioning of Ring Frame machines working of Ring
Frame and calculations regard ring frame. Traveller, rings and other important parts of ring
spinning frame. Drafting systems. Yarn defects – causes and remedies. Calculations
regarding spinning.
DOUBLING: Objects and types of doubling. Features and two for one twisters.
Manufacturing of sewing thread. Calculations regarding production with reference to
various parameters of spinning. Open and spinning: Types and methods of open end
spinning.
TEXTILE CHMISTRY: Coal tar distillation. Chemistry of sizing, Bleaching and dyeing.
Various dyes and chemicals, types of printing and finishing machines and methods.
Process of mercirising. Various dyes used in dyeing of different fibres.
Calculations regarding all processes mentioned above.

II. WEAVING:
1) Object of the preparatory process and types of warp preparation. Classification types of
preparatory machines. Principle of warp winding process. Warp winding machines, Automatic
warp winding machines. Pirn winding machines.
2) Sizing: Importance and objects of sizing. Requirements and application of size and
preparation of size. Slasher sizing machines. Principles of modern size controls used in sizing
machines. Study of the development in sizing.
3) Principles of weaving process. Basic requirements of weaving loom and types of looms.
Study of handlooms and plain powerlooms. Working of the mechanisms faults and remedies
with references to the powerloom weaving and cloth production.
4) Principles of Automatic and shuttleless weaving. Study of Modern Automatic looms viz.,
Dornier, Airjet, Waterjet, rapier, Grib pebloom.
5) Fabric Structure: Principles of fabric structures. Different types of weaves and their
construction. Drafting and peg plans according to weaves, Double Cloth, Dobby nd Jaquard
designs.
6) Understanding Mill maintenance. Functions and utilizes. Maintenance and lubrication
schedules in various departments.
7) Textile Testing: Sampling of various material viz., cotton, yarn, fabric etc., Physical and
chemical testing of fabrics and other material. Defects of materials and their identification. ISO
& TOM. Concepts and Application.
8) Textile industry and management – introduction, concepts mill management –
production, material, financial, marketing management. Feasibility study and Industrial safety.
9) Calculations regarding all processing mentioned above.

           7. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Digital Logic: Logic functions, Minimization, Design and synthesis of combinational and
sequential circuits; Number representation and computer arithmetic (fixed and floating point).
Computer Organization and Architecture: Machine instructions and addressing modes, ALU
and data-path, CPU control design, Memory interface, I/O interface (Interrupt and DMA mode),
Instruction pipelining, Cache and main memory, Secondary storage.
Programming and Data Structures: Programming in C; Functions, Recursion, Parameter
passing, Scope, Binding; Abstract data types, Arrays, Stacks, Queues, Linked Lists, Trees,
Binary search trees, Binary heaps.
Algorithms: Analysis, Asymptotic notation, Notions of space and time complexity, Worst and
average case analysis; Design: Greedy approach, Dynamic programming, Divide-and-conquer;
Tree and graph traversals, Connected components, Spanning trees, Shortest paths; Hashing,
Sorting, Searching. Asymptotic analysis (best, worst, average cases) of time and space, upper
and lower bounds.
Operating System: Processes, Threads, Inter-process communication, Concurrency,
Synchronization, Deadlock, CPU scheduling, Memory management and virtual memory, File
systems, I/O systems, Protection and security.
Databases: ER-model, Relational model (relational algebra, tuple calculus), Database design
(integrity constraints, normal forms), Query languages (SQL), File structures (sequential files,
indexing, B and B+ trees), Transactions and concurrency control.
Information Systems and Software Engineering: information gathering, requirement and
feasibility analysis, data flow diagrams, process specifications, input/output design, process life
cycle, planning and managing the project, design, coding, testing, implementation,
maintenance.
Data communications: ISO/OSI model, TCP/IP protocol architecture, data transmission,
transmission media, encoding techniques, synchronous and synchronous transmissions,
multiplexing, switching techniques, spread spectrum.
Computer Networks: ISO/OSI stack, LAN technologies (Ethernet, Token ring), Flow and error
control techniques, Routing algorithms, Congestion control, TCP/UDP and sockets, IP(v4),
Application layer protocols (icmp, dns, smtp, pop, ftp, http); Basic concepts of hubs, switches,
gateways, and routers. Network security - basic concepts of public key and private key
cryptography, digital signature, firewalls.
Web technologies: HTML, XML, basic concepts of client-server computing.

                     8. AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

01. Thermodynamics: systems – Zeroth Law of thermodynamics – First law of
thermodynamics – Second Law of thermodynamics – Entropy – Statistical thermodynamics –
Air Compressors I.C. Engines cycles and Process – Combustion in I.C. Engines – Engine
performance – Scavenging and supercharging of Engines – Modern development in I.C.
Engines – I.C. Engine plant layout.

02. Heat Transfer: Conduction Convection – Thermal Radiation – Heat Exchangers.

03. Fluid Mechanics and Machinery: Fluid properties – Dimensional analysis – Fluid static’s
– Flow past immersed bodies – Centrifugal pumps – Axial flow pumps – Rotary pumps –
Reciprocating pumps – Oil Hydraulic systems.

04. Instrumentation: Transducers – Flow measuring transducers – Temperature
measurement – Strain gauges – Mechanical measuring devices – Slip gauges – Plug gauge –
Micrometers in bars optical flat etc.

05. Automobile chasis & Systems: Chasis layout – Shock absorbers in dependent
suspension – torsion bars – gear suspension – wheel balancing – tyres and tubes –
constructional details of the engine – Ignition system – Fuel system – Lubrication system –
Cooling system – Transmission system – Brakes steering mechanism – Electrical circuits and
equipment’s – Engine troubles – Air conditioning system – Modern trends in automobiles &
Engines.

06. Material Science: Crystallography of metals – Binary alloys – Constitution and
equilibrium diagram – methods of studying metal structure – Heat treatment – of steels –
Casehardening and surface treatment of steels – Non Ferrous metals and alloys – Creep –
Fatigue.

07. Kinematics of Machines: Kinematics – Velocity and Acceleration – Properties of
instaneous centre – Gears – Gears trains – Oams – Governors – Brakes and dynamometers –
Clutches – Power transmission – Chain drives.

08. Dynamics of Machines: Static force Analysis – Dynamic Force Analysis – Dynamics of
Reciprocating Engines – Balancing – Vibration Analysis of Single degree freedom systems –
Torsional Vibrations – Vibration isolation.

09. Design of Automobile Machine Parts: Design of welded joints Design of bolts & nuts –
Shafts and Axles – Curved beams – Springs – Bearings – clutches – Brakes – Design of
connecting rod – Crank shaft fly wheel.

10. Production Technology: Machine tools – Lathes – Shaper, planner and slotting machines
– Drilling and boring machine – Milling – Lapping – Tool room – Electro machining – Welding –
Brazing – Foundry.

11. Industrial Engineering: Industrial management – personnel function – Production
facilities – Production Planning and control – Wages and incentives – Cost Control – Marketing
and Sales Promotion.

9. FOOT WEAR TECHNOLOGY
1) Classification of foot wear, leather goods, Garments based on construction, utilization,
style, function of foot wear comparison of leather articles and footwear with that are made
of non leather.

2) Bones, Joints, Arches of foot – Development of foot types of feet – Abnormalities of foot –
Reasons for foot problems – Deformed feet – Remedy.

3) Foot care – Foot comfort – Parameters for foot comfort – perspiration’s – vapour
permeability – pressure points in foot wear – shock absorption’s – Physical and mechanical
properties like stress and strain. Thermal and electrical conductivity – Friction and
pressibility.

4) Measurements – Foot drafting – draft length and girth – foot wear scales of different system
– conversion from one system to other system.

5) Foot wear functions – Foot and footwear relations shoes boot- parts of shoe and foot wear
– Last – Parts of lasts Function of last-Relation between last, shoe and foot leathers
garments, sizes leather goods sizes – component – uses.

6) Tools used in manufactures of foot wear, leather goods – leather garments – their sizes –
Maintenance – uses of tools last sizes – makes – types of lasts, masterials – used for
making lasts.

7) Designing – Purpose of designing – Basic rules of designing – Designing of foot wear –
leather goods – garment, mean form cutting – types of mean form preparation –
development of standard and working patterns for foot wear components.
Grading – different grading systems – equipment used for grading.
Designing of leather goods – Garments for different uses – sizes – components.
Computer – utility in designing CAD – Auto CAD package for designing component of foot
wear, leather goods and garment.

8) Knowledge of leather making – various operations involved in making leather.
Classification of leather based on Raw material – types of tanning – type of finish –
knowledge of defects in leather. Selection of leather for different use.

9) Properties of leather – Physical properties like tensile strength - % elongation at break
stitch tear, tongue tear strength – water absorption – vapour permeability – grain crack and
grain bursting resistance, flexibility – abrasion resistance – their testing methods –
importance.
Adhesives – stability – bond capacity, abrasion resistance of sole materials.

10) Materials: Details of various materials used in leather goods, footwear and garments
manufacture like leather – adhesive threads, lining materials – fabrics polemeries. Metrallic
fittings – Zips – toe caps, stiffness heel plate, toe plates leather boards, paper boards,
soles, plastics – thermo plastic – their preparation – proper ties – use in manufacture of
leather articles, foot wear.

11) Finish materials – uses of various finish materials like heel balls – polish – ware creams –
resin – rosin shellac – plastisize – binder – their uses.

12) Seams – different types of seam utility – tools, machines used – working principal of various
stitching machines – fixing of various fittings. Machines used, their working principle,
specifications – tools used.

13) Clicking – Machines used – their working system – hand clicking tools used – A skiving –
machines used – hand skiving –various types of lasting – machines used, their working
system comparison of various systems – preparation of testing – sole – insole.

14) Bottom preparation, filling, selection of various materials.
Attachment of sole to upper – different methods of moulding –machines used, specification
– working system.

15) Finish – various operations involved as finishing of foot wear. Material used – Machines
used – cares.

16) Costing and quality control: - Costing footwear, leather goods, and garments by different
system, quality – importance.
Manufacture of various types of leather goods various operations involved – manufacture of
Garment Selection of Raw materials – Method of making – costing.
 
                     10. PACKING TECHNOLOGY
01. Definition – Packaging criteria, appearance, protection, cost etc., - Organisation of
packaging functions.
02. Role of colors and typography – Role of package shape – Product package relationship –
Cost effectiveness – Cushioning design.
03. Properties and applications of paper, board and corrugated board – Metal and foils, glass
and wood – Plastics and films – Adhesives and cushioning materials.
04. Introduction to moulding, thermoforming etc., - Varnishing, metallising, laser marking,
electroless and electrolytic plating.
Sealing: Dielectric heat-sealing, thermal sealing and different sealing equipment’s – Cushion
manufacturing.
05. Aseptic packaging and biological aspects – Aerosol packaging: properties of propellants,
valve, filling methods etc., - Different forms of plastics and laminate package.
06. Computer aided designing – Die designing, punching, laser die cutting – Cartooning and
labeling systems.
07. Raw materials testing: Surface, physical and chemical tests, printibility test.
08. Performance testing: Drop test, impact test – Shelf life calculation – half value period
methods – Vibration test, Stacking and compression test.
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          11. ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING
Basic Design: Design definition and description, Importance of Design, Fundamental elements
of Design, Principles of design, Colour Theory, elements of composition, Anthropometrics
Study, Ergonomics, Study of Different spaces, Optimum areas for various functions, Space
standards, Lighting and Ventilation standards for various activities, Design Process and thinking
and Introduction to the study of aesthetics.
Building Materials: Clay Bricks, Stones, Sand, Mortars, Cement, Concrete, Reinforced
cement concrete, Timber, Veneers, Paints and Varnishes, Glass, Rubber, Adhesives, Asphalt &
Bitumen, Plastics, Roofing & Flooring Materials, Metals, Ally Steels, Non-ferrous metals.
Building Construction: Foundations. Footings, Walls, Lintels, Carpentry & Joinery, Openings
(doors & windows), Composite Masonry, Partition Walls, Staircases, Cladding, Sloping and flat
roofs, Floorings, Structural steel work and Types of steel trusses
Architectural Drawing & Graphics: Importance of Scale, Different forms, Architectural
representation of different objects, Solid geometry, Building Geometry – isometric, axonometric,
etc., Types of Arches, Sciography, Perspectives, Rendering, visualization skills and importance
of free hand drawing.
Engineering Mechanics: Simple stress and strain, Types of stresses, elastic limit, modulus of
elasticity, Bending moment and shear forces, Moment of inertia, Deflection, Buckling & Crushing
failures, Slenderness ratio, Torsion, Design of RCC & Steel Structures.
Introduction of art and architecture: Importance of art, Development and exploration of art,
Relationship between art and architecture, Role of an architect in society, relationship with other
consultants, Technical knowledge and expertise, Evolution of Shelter forms.
History of Architecture: Architectural development in Egypt, Greek, Roman, Early Christian,
Romanesque, Gothic & Byzantine. Hindu & Islamic architecture. Influence of Industrial
revolution on building materials, construction technology, characteristic styles of modern
architecture, Arts and Crafts movement, Art Nouvean, Monumentalism, Expressionism and
pioneers of Modern architecture and their contributions.
Surveying and Site Studies: Principles of Surveying, Traversing & Plain table surveying,
Computation of Areas & leveling, Automated Surveying.
Water supply and Sanitary Engineering: Sources of water supply, Quality of water,
Treatment of water, Distribution system of water, Collection and Treatment of refuse, Sewage,
Principles of drainage, plumbing and Sanitary fittings and fixtures, Roads & Pavements.
Climatology: Building Climatology, Tropical Climates, Thermal Comfort, Heat flow, Natural
ventilation, Passive cooling, Sun & Design Process.
Landscape design and site planning: Importance and role of landscape designing, Historical
Perspective, Elements in Landscape design, Plants and design, Landscape construction.
Building Services: Electrical Services, Lighting, Air Conditioning, Elevators and Escalators,
Telephones and EPABX, Security systems, Fire fighting systems, Swimming pools, Energy
sources of building: wind energy, photo voltaic, Bio-mass, Waste Disposal: Industries &
Hospitals, Hotel services and Elevated flooring.
Sociology of Human settlements: Sociological aspects, Elements of society, Urbanization,
Historic Evolution, Transportation and communication, Principles of ekistics.
Economics, Estimating and Costing: Introduction on economics, Micro and
Macroeconomics, economic issues, Financing of a project, Quantity surveying and estimating
(approximate and detailed) and rate analysis.
Town Planning: Town forms in urban planning and development processes, various levels of
planning: national, regional, urban, rural, local etc., objectives of town planning, O-D surveys,
F.S.I. planning of industrial and recreational areas, urban renewals, TCPO and Town planning
organization in India.
Building Acoustics: Need to study acoustics, history of acoustics, generation, propagation,
transmission of sound, characteristics of sound, sensibility of human ear, resonance,
reverberation time, sabine’s formula, echoes, principles of acoustical design process and sound
isolation.
Advances Construction: Decay and Damage, Building Failures, Maintenance and
Renovation, Guniting, Strutting, Underpinning, Grouting, Propping, Effect of ageing, Weathering.
Professional Practice: Types of offices for practice, COA registration and rules, IIA Code
professional conduct, architects duties, principles of Indian contract act, Tenders, Contracts,
Easements, Arbitration, Valuation, Role of Consultants, Building Bye-laws, National Building
Code, Consumer protection act, transfer of property.
Computer Applications: Hardware and Software requirements, Operating systems, Features
of presentation package, drafting packages and benefits of Internet technology.
 
               12. GARMENT TECHNOLOGY
Indian Embroidery, Indian Jewellery, Traditional Indian textiles
Embroidery of Kashmir, Sindh, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal pradesh, Bengal, Bihar,
Uttar pradesh, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Orissa, Tamilnadu, Gold and Silver embroidery etc
Indian Jewellery – techniques in jewellery work, traditional ornaments-nose ornaments, foot
ornaments, head ornaments, girdles, belts, armlets, neck ornaments, bangles etc
Traditional Indian textiles-Kalamkari,Pochampally, Paithani, Patola, Baluchari, Banaras
brocades, Pabuji Par etc
DYEING AND PRINTING
B l e a c h i n g o f Co t t o n , Wo o l , S i l k , ma n -ma d e f i b e r s
Scouring, Singing, desizing
Chemical constitution and colour
Classification and types of dyes
Machinery used in dyeing
Methods and styles of printing
Dyeing and printing of cotton, wool, silk, polyester, acrylic, and other synthetic fibers
Chemistry of dyestuff intermediates
Pollution control- air pollution, water pollution, treatment of effluent water, disposal of solid
waste
TEXTILE SCIENCE
Manufacture and properties of – cotton silk, wool polyester, nylon, acrylic, modacrylic, viscose
rayon, cuprammonium rayon, cellouse acetate rayon, polypropylene, glass
Yarns – types, count, systems, measurement
Ecology and textiles – eco standards , textile process chemicals, toxicological considerations
Textile testing- identification of fibers stain tests solubility tests, fiber analysis, testing of fibersfiber
length, fiber fineness, twist, yarn strength, lea strength, etc., fabric testing – strength,
abrasion resistance, air and water permeability, skew ness, etc
Weaving – Yarn calculations, weaving calculations Preparations for weaving, types of looms
different types of weaves etc.,
Knitting, Braiding, Lace, felt, etc., methods of making fabric
Wet spinning, melt spinning, and dry spinning
Texturizing
Finishes – ammoniating mercerizing shrinking, stiffening, weighting, calendaring, glazing,
schreinerizing, embossing, moireing, cireing, beetling, raising, napping, wrinkle, resistant
finishes, soil repellent finishes, flame retardant finishes, mildew proof finishes etc.,
Detergents – fats and oils, surfactants and surface activity, soap manufacture, synthetic
detergents, analysis of detergents
Textile terminology 
CLOTHING
Basic stitches – rentering stitch, hemming, back stitch, quick overcastting, overcasting, deeper
over casting, over handling, stoating stich etc.,
Seams and seam finishes – plain, welt, flat fell, strap, slot, French, upholsterer’s, corded,
lapped, imitation French , laced seams, top stitch seam, etc.,
Working of embroidery stitches
Methods of handling finishes – Casing, gathers, shirring, smocking, tucks, pleats, godets, darts,
etc.,
Neck line finishes – combination facings ,applying shaped facings to neckline with zipper,
applying shaped facing to neckline and garment opening , applying bias facing , applying
cording to faced neck line ,application of single and double layer binding ,decorative facings etc
Drafting and stitching of sleeves – cap sleeve , basic Bishop sleeve ,exaggerated Bishop
sleeve, Bell sleeve , puff sleeve , petal sleeve , lantern sleeve ,cowl sleeve , wedding sleeve ,
Kimono sleeve ,Dolmon sleeve ,Raglon sleeve etc
Drafting and stitching of collars – shirt collar, shawl collar, mandarin collar, turtle neck collar,
sailor collar ,puritan collar ,etc
Drafting and stitching of pockets – patch, bound, in seam pockets etc
Drafting and stitching of yokes
Drafting and stitching of skirts
Underlying fabrics – linings , inter linings, interfacings , underlying
(selection ,types , applications etc )
preparation of material for cutting – preparation of woven and knitted fabrics for cutting
Handling of fabrics – velvet, velveteen, bonded, stretch, knit, lace, wash and wear, silk,
laminated , napped, leather, jersey sheer fabrics etc
(selection of pattern, shrinking, cutting , marking, selection of inter facing , basting, selection of
thread and needle , stitch length , seam finishes , button holes , hems , linings , pressing etc )
Pattern alterations – alterations to trousers , skirts , blouse , alterations based on figure
irregularities etc
Care of fabrics – darning and patching , washing of different fabrics , dry cleaning – types of
equipment used in dry cleaning , methods of dry cleaning , pressing of garments ,pressing
equipments etc
Dart manipulation
APPAREL MANUFACTURING , MARKETING AND MERCHANDISING
Cutting , production analysis – types of spreads , spreading equipment and tools , spreading
methods analysis , cutting equipment , cutting methods analysis , types of marker and
spreading materials , cost and quality principles governing markers , training cutting production
personnel etc
Fabric grading – grey state fabric grading , conventional system of grading , point system of
grading , finished fabric grading
Defects –spinning defects , sizing defects , warp defects , filling defects , other weaving defects
, bleaching and finishing defects , dyeing defects , printing defects , stains etc
Machinery used in apparel industry
Time and motion study
Quality control
Production systems
Pricing strategies
Marketing ethics
Product services
Marketing environment
FASHION DESIGNING
Principles of designing
Elements of design
Colour theory
Selection of apparel
Selection of accessories
Classification of fashion
Fashion terminology
Selection of fabric design
Illusion in designing
Works of Indian and international designers
Western fashions
Fashion trends in different periods
Display of garments


13. CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY
FUELS, FURNACES & PYROMETRY:
A. FUELS:
1. Solid Fuels: COAL: Coal formation theories, Mineral matter, Classification, handling
and storage, washing, general properties, Calorific value, grind ability etc.
2. Gaseous Fuels: Various gaseous fuels like Producer gas, Water gas, Coke Oven
gas, other gaseous fuels like blast furnace gas, LPG, CNG, Natural gas – Properties like
composition, calorific value.
3. Liquid Fuels: Petroleum products – Origin, composition, refining process, distillation
of petroleum products – brief outlines. Synthetic fuels, storage and handling – general
industrial practices.
4. Properties: Analysis of coal, gaseous fuels, liquid fuels.
B. FURNACES:
1. Combustion: Combustion calculations, liberated heat, available heat, waste gas –
Solid, Liquid and Gaseous fuels – Pulverisation of fuel, atomization of fuel, propagation
of gaseous mixture, diffusion of flame, control of combustion.
2. Heat Transfer: Heat transfer to charge by conduction, convection and radiation, flow
of heat through furnace walls, heat losses, heat balancing, heat recovery – recuperators
and regenerators.
3. Types of furnaces: Various types of furnaces and kilns used in ceramic industries
C. PYROMETRY:
Measurement of temperature – temperature scales – thermometers – pyrometric cones
– thermoelectric current – thermo couples – resistance pyrometers – radiation pyrometers –
optical pyrometer.
CERAMIC SCIENCE
1. CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY: Ionic bond with examples – Potential energy curve-bond strength
– Lattice energy – Covalent Bond – Atomic and molecular orbitals, hybridization – Metallic bond
– Vanderwall’s bond – Hydrogen bond, Mixed bond. Relation to bond vis-à-vis melting point,
hardness, electrical and thermal properties – Crystalline defects; Point defects, line defects.
2. PHASE EQUALIBRIA AND PHASE DIAGRAMS: Gibb’s rule and its interpretation;
condensed system – One component system – Binary diagrams – Lever rule – Familiarity with
SiO2 – Na2O, CaO – Al2O3, SiO2 – Al2O3 – Ternary phase diagrams - Na2O, CaO - SiO2, CaO -
Al2O3 - SiO2, MgO – CaO – SiO2.
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: Elastic properties – Stress & Strain – tensile, compressive
and shear stress strain, elastic moduli – Poisson’s ratio – PLASTIC DEFORMATION – Simple
oxides – dislocation and slip, creep, effect of temperature, Polyphase materials – influence of
microstructure – BOTTLE FRACTURE – Fracture energy – Flaws and their origin and role.
Hardness & Abrasion – Relationship with other properties, elastic modulus, creep – Abrasives
4. THERMAL PROPERTIES: Specific heat – Latent heat of fusion – Fusion point – Melting
point. Thermal expansion – Simple ionic crystals – Class – Polycrystalline materials. Thermal
conductivity – Theory – Simple oxides – Polycrystalline materials – Thermal stress – Permanent
and temporary stress – Spalling of ceramics – Stress at interfaces.
5. OPTICAL PROPERTIES: Reflection and refraction – Scattering and opacity, absorption and
radiation – Ionic colour in vitreous systems – Colloidal colours – Carbon – Sulphur
6. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Surface chemistry of vitreous materials – attack of water,
alkalies and acids, electrode glasses, durability of glazes and enamels.
7. ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES: Ionic conduction – Electronic conduction –
Dielectric constant – Dielectric loss, dielectric strength, ferroelectric phenomena. Paramagnetism
and ferromagnetism in ceramics.
GL AS S TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION: Glass industry in India – common uses – import and export of glass, present
and future status.
PREPARATION OF GLASS BATCH: Glass composition – melting and fabrication,
characteristics, properties and cost; composition range.
MAJOR INGREDIENTS: Sand, Limestone, Dolomite, Soda ash, Feldspar, Nephelene syenate
etc.
MINOR INGREDIENTS: Melting accelerators, Refining agents, docolourisers.
CULLET: Cullet and its use- BATCH calculations
GLASS MELTING PROCESS: Particle size, melting, volatilization, refining – sources of gas
bubbles – fused batch interface and re-boil, identification of gases, refining agents, chemistry of
refining actions – Homogenisation – rate of homogenization – viscosity glass at various stages,
standard viscosity points, working characteristics, viscosity – temperature relationships of
common glasses.
FABRICATION PROCESSES: Conditions of glass; feeding; blowing and pressing – effect of
variations in composition on the working characteristics
ANNEALING & TEMPERING: Release of stress, annealing constant, determination of
annealing schedules for slabs, continuous plate containers, tempering.
TESTING & QUALITY CONTROL: Raw materials; Sieve analysis; purity, batch analysis,
density, composition and homogeneity, SQS chart, softening point and thermal expansion.
Defects in Glass; seeds and blisters, cords, striae, strain and stones, methods of testing,
sources of trouble and their elimination. Fabrication defects; various defects of fabrication.
Testing of container; weight and capacity, flat glass.
LAY OUT OF A MODERN GLASS PLANT: Flow diagram – Site selection – storage of raw
materials – batch house – melting furnace – infrastructure facilities.
BATCH PREPARATION: Handling, mixing and charging of raw materials.
GLASS MELTING TANK FURNACES: Types of tank furnaces – general features –
combustion – temperature distribution – heat transfer and covection currents – heat recovery
and insulation, heat balance, thermal performance. DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION &
OPERATION of glass tank furnace – Electric melting.
POT MELTING PRACTICE: Types of glasses suitable for pot melting, ports and pot furnaces.
FORMING PROCESSES: Hand operations, fore hearth and feeder, machine for blown ware,
press machines, moulds, parison and blow moulds. Paste moulds. Rolling of glass – drawing
of sheet glass – annealing Lehr – special processes surface coating – other operations – table
working.
SPECIAL GLASSES: Heat resistant glasses – Fiber glass – Glass ceramic – Optical glasses –
Glasses for electrical and electronic industries.
ENAMELS
Introduction: Enamels & ceramic coatings – metal bases – pre-treatment of metal and nonmetal
surfaces – de-enamelling – aluminum alloys – Enamel glass composition – batch
calculations – typical examples of compositions for various steels – frit making – smelting –
quenching – drying – smelting furnaces – milling and mill additions. Application and Firing;
Control of slips – drying & brushing, firing – enamelling furnaces – special firing methods,
properties and tests. Defects and remedies of enamelling.
WHI TEWARE AND HEAV Y CL AYWARE
RAW MATERIAL PREPARATION: Particle size reduction – methods – comparison – analysis
– Mixing methods – blunger – pug mill – u mixer, Muller mixer etc – Forming methods – Slip
casting - rheology of slip – plastic forming – power pressing – special forming methods.
DRYING: External parameters – critical moisture content – drying rates – driers – types –
shrinkage - defects
CHANGES DURING FIRING: Thermal decomposition – changes in ceramic body – sintering –
microstructure
EQUIPMENT & MACHINERY: Crushers – grinders – mixers, separators, shaper, presses
(mechanical, hydraulic, isostatic) – die materials and design – driers - glazing machines –
ancillary equipment.
FURNACES/KILNS: Down draft kiln – updraft kiln – coal or oil fired – flues – chimney & stack
calculations, complete operations.
Tunnel kilns – oil, gas or electric fired – construction – operation – heat balancing
Roller Kilns – design – function – cycles – maintenance
Others: burners – blowers etc.
FIRING PRACTICE: Furnace loading – lighting – firing schedule – temperature control – seger
cones – firing defects – warpage – Microstructure – changes in microstructure in relation to
sintering, typical ceramic microstructures and their control
PLANT DESIGN: Location – assessment – economics – factory layout – flow sheet – project
report.
RE FRACTORI E S
CLASSIFICATION: Classification of Refractories – Acid - Basic – Neutral – Special
Refractories
APPLICATIONS: Industries of Iron & Steel – Gas plants – Powerhouses – Non-Ferrous metals
– Ceramic – Cement & Fertilisers.
REFRACTORY INDUSTRY: Status and scope of Indian Refractory industry – Lay out of
modern Refractory plant.
ALUMINO-SILICATES: Raw materials – Manufacturing process – Microstructure & properties
– Uses.
SILICA REFRACTORIES: Manufaturing process – raw materials & composition –
microstructure – properties and uses.
BASIC REFRACTORIES: Magnesite – Dolomite – Chrome – combination Refractories –
manufacturing process – Microstructure – Properties and uses.
SPECIAL REFRACTORIES: Alumina – Raw materials – Manufacture – Properties & uses.
Fusion cast Refractories – others like zircon, carbon, silicon carbide – Spinel and refractory
cements – castables – ramming masses.
CEMENT TECHNOLOGY
CEMENT INDUSTRY: Indian and A.P. scenario – Large – medium – small scale units.
TYPES: Varieties of cements – occurrence – uses – manufacturing procedures.
PORTLAND CEMENT: Manufacturing methods – Wet process – advantages and
disadvantages; Dry process – advantages and disadvantages. Rotary Kiln – construction –
operation – Refractories used – various chemical phases present in cement. Properties of
cement – testing methods.
SPECIAL CEMENTS: Rapid setting cement, Pozzolona, Slag cement etc.
SPECIAL CERAMIC MATERIALS
HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMIC-OXIDES: Beryllia – Magnesia – Alumina – Zirconia –
NON-OXIDES – Silicon Nitride – Boron nitride – Silicon carbide – Boron Carbide – Methods of
production – Properties – Thermal – Electrical – Thermo mechanical behaviour.
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC CERAMICS: Dielectric Ceramics – High Voltage – low
frequency applications – porcelain insulators manufacture – Low voltage High frequency
applications – insulators – steatite, Magnesium titanate, Cordierite, Fosterite. FERRO
ELECTRIC CERAMICS – Barium Titanate – Lead Zirconium Titanates etc., - MAGNETIC
CERAMICS – Soft Ferrites – hard ferrites – Magnetite – Nickel Zinc ferrites, Yttrim Iron garnet,
Hexaferrites of Barium, Lead and Strontium - CERAMIC
SEMI CONDUCTORS: Germanium – Silicon – Gallium – Antimonide – Silicon carbide etc.
CERAMIC COMPOSITES: Types – Fibres and Whiskers – Fibre reinforced composites –
cermets – Metal castings – Transformation toughened ceramics – Cutting Tools – Wear
resistant ceramics – Grinding media, Ceramic engine parts.
NUCLEAR CERAMICS: Methods of production and properties – Uranium Oxide; Uranium
carbide, Thorium Oxide; Beryllium Oxide etc.

                      14. LITHOGRAPHY

UNIT-1
Principles of different printing systems – Suitability of each process for various printing jobs –
Plate making of Offset, Gravure, Flexography and screen printing – Ink transfer methods and
impression in all printing process and proofing methods – Lithography plate surface chemistry –
Quality control devices in plate making process – Trouble shooting – Care and storage of offset
plates before and after printing.
UNIT-2
Materials used for graphic reproduction – Print from materials – Print on materials – Paper
manufacturing and chemistry of pulp – Classification of paper and board – Paper testing and
paper problems on the press – Substrates other than paper - Print with materials – Printing ink
ingredients – manufacturing and its properties – Testing and drying of inks – Problems with ink
on press – Print finish materials – Binding and warehouse operations – Classification of binding
work – Book forwarding, book covering and finishing operations – Packaging materials for
various purposes.
UNIT-3
Colour measurement – Colour reproduction and colour separation – Electronic colour scanner -
Developments in electronic scanning – colour proofing – Artwork and film preparation – Image
setter – Computer to plate system – Digital offset printing and proofing – Digital non impact
printing processes – sheet fed offset machine, web fed offset machine and their printing, inking
and dampening units – Sheet handling, controlling and transferring – Make-ready and the
machine run.
UNIT-4
Printing machine maintenance and its importance – machine erection and testing – Machine
reconditioning – Lubrication and lubricants – Preventive maintenance and spare parts
maintenance – Estimating and Estimating form – Meaning and methods of costing – New
developments in printing.

15. TANNERY ENGINEERING (LEATHER TECHNOLOGY )

A. Skin Proteins and Pre-tannages
1. Chemical constituents of hides and skins – Fibrous and Non – fibrous proteins structure
and Chemical Features. Reactive groups of Collagen and cross linking. Histological
Characteristics of hides and skins.
2. Preservation techniques – Principles involved – short term preservation – Defect in hides
and skins.
3. Chemistry and Principle of different pretanning processes like soaking, liming, deliming,
bating and pickling. Different methods of pretanning processes as applied to light, heavy
and industrial leathers.
B. Theory of tannages
1. Types of vegetable tanning materials – Classification, and chemistry of vegetable tanning.
Mechanism of vegetable tanning. Synthetic tannins classification General methods of
manufacture and application in leather processing. Chemistry and mechanism of oil and
aldehyde tannages.
2. The Chemistry of Chromium salts. Preparation of Chrome tanning salts. Mechanism of
Chrome tanning.
3. Chemistry and mechanism of Aluminium, Zircoium, titanium, silicate and Phosphate
tannages.
4. Chemistry and mechanism of combination tannages involving vegetables tanning
materials, aldehydes and other mineral tanning agents.
C. Leather auziliaries and post tanning Operations
1) Chemistry of neutralization and bleaching processes.
2) Classification of dyes and blending of dyes. Chemistry of dyeing auziliaries. Theory and
mechanism of dyeing.
3) Principles and methods of sulfation, sulfonation and sulfitation of oils. Preparation of
synthetic flat liquors. Chemistry and mechanism of fatliquoring at waterproofing.
4) Classification of retanning agents and their application.
5) Chemistry and methods of preparation of aqueous pigment pastes, lacquers lacquer
emulsion, synthetic and protein binders and impregnating agents. Pattern leather finishes.
D. Practice of Leather Manufacture – i
1) Principles and practices involved in the manufacture of following types of leathers:- E.I.
tanning of kips, buffcalf, cowcalf and Goat and Sheep skins. – Vegetable tanned sole
leather, Chrome sole leather. Sole leather with improved properties. – Picking band leathers
and pickers. – Digressing of E.I. Leathers into different finished leathers such as
semichrome glazed kid, lining leathers, ------ leathers and diaphragm leathers. – Kattai and
Bunwar leathers. – Specialty leathers for mountaineering shoes, high altitude shoes and
pilot gloves.
2) Role of Machinery in Leather Processing.
A. Practice of Leather Manufacture – II
1) Processes and principles involved in manufacture of following types of leather processing of
Wetblue leathers – Full Chrome Upper leathers – Upholstry leather Lining leathers –
Harness, belting and Saddlery leathers. – Football, Hockey ball, Cricket ball and other
sports goods leathers – Chamois leather Fashion garment Leathers – Utility glove leathers.
2) Principle methods and mechanism of drying of leathers.
B. material Testing & Quality Control
1) Principles of analytical methods employed of water, chemical agents used in soaking,
liming, deliming, bating, pickling. Analysis of liquors of beamhouse process, vegetable
tanning extracts, spent tan liquers, chrome extracts – zirconi and aluminium tanning salts.
Formaldehyde oils and fats – Fatiliquor and other auxiliaries. Estimation of Epsom salt and
glucose.
2) Instrumental methods of analysis using potentiometry, spectrophotometry chromatography,
ion exchange resins, colorimetry.
3) Analysis of vegetable and mineral tanned leathers- Determination of PCP at azo dyes, (Aryl
amine based) in leather.
4) 4.Principles and methods employed in physical testing of leathers.
5) 5.Standards and quality control.
C. Leather Product Technology
1) Footwear:- (a) Anatomy of human feet, foot comfort, foot care and their relationship to
footwear. Foot and last measurements Shoe sizing and fitting.
(b) Materials used of footwear – Leather and non-leather materials for upper, -- and
components.
(c ) Shoe design and pattern making
(d) Grading clicking and closing – skiving – stitching – lasting, sole attachment – bending
and edge treatments.
(e) Construction of cemented and welted shoes machines used.
2) Leather goods and garments:- Classification – selection of materials – modern methods
of construction and machinery – Hand tools and grinderies, zips, linings and fittings –
standardization quality control and inventory control.
D. Organisation and Management of Leather manufacture
1 Livestock population – availability of hides and skins – marketing of hides/skirt
2. Location, lay-out and selection of machinery for tanneries manufacturing different types of
leathers – estimates of investment, costing and feasibility.
3. Employment generation – training and training institutes- labour laws for tanne
occupational health and safety.
4.Export performance – marketing strategies and development – Features of overseas sales
contract – Role of financial institution.
5. Type of tannery effluents- characteristic – Different methods of effluent disposal primary
and secondary systems – standards and specifications of various type of disposal – soil
waste disposal.
6. Total quality management (TQM) – Basic concepts – Principles of TQM – Barriers to TQM
implementation TQM – Principles – Customer Classifications – Perception of Quality – TQM
Tools – Quality Systems. Need for ISO 9000, Quality Auditing, ISO 14000 concept –
Requirements and benefits.
 
                                          16. ENGLISH

I. Writers and Texts
1) William Shakespeare Hamlet, Tempest
2) John Milton Paradise Lost-Book 1 and 9
3) William Wordsworth “Immortality Ode”, Tintern Abbey
4) John Keats “Ode to a Nightingale”, “To Autumn”
5) Robert Browning “My Last Duchess”, “The Last Ride Together”
6) Charles Dickens David Copperfield
7) TS Eliot “The Waste Land”, Murder in the Cathedral
8) GB Shaw Saint Joan
9) Virginia Woolf “A Room of One’s Own”
10) Samuel Beckett Waiting for Godot
11) William Golding Lord of the Flies
12) Robert Frost “Home Burial”, “The Road Not Taken”
13) Eugene O’Neill The Hairy Ape
14) Toni Morrison Beloved
15) Mulk Raj Anand Untouchable
16) AK Ramanujan “Love Poem for a Wife”, “Small-Scale
Reflections on a Great House”
17) Girish Karnad Hayavadana
18) Salman Rushdie Midnight’s Children
19) Chinua Achebe Things Fall Apart
20) Margaret Atwood Edible Woman
21) AD Hope “Australia”, “Crossing the Frontier”
22) Bessie Head A Question of Power
II. English Language Teaching
1) ELT in India : (History and status of English in India; English as Second Language,
English as Foreign Language, and English as Global Language).
2) Methods and Approaches : (Grammar Translation method, Direct method, Audio-Lingual
method; Structural approach, Communicative language teaching)
3) Teaching of Language Skills : (Teaching of Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing
Skills; Teaching of Grammar and Functional English; Teaching of Vocabulary; Classroom
techniques; Use of authentic materials)
4) Testing and Evaluation : (Principles, Types, Objectives of testing and evaluation)
5) Phonetics and Phonology; Syntax and Structure.

                            17. MATHEMATICS

I. Real Analysis
Finite, countable and uncountable sets – Real Number system R – infimum and
supremum of a subset of R – Bolzano – Weierstrass theorem.
Sequences, convergence, limit superior and limit inferior of sequences, sub sequences,
Heine Borel Theorem.
Infinite series – Tests of convergence.
Continuity and uniform continuity of real valued functions of real variable. Monotonic
functions and functions of bounded variation.
Differentiability and mean value theorems.
Riemann integrability.
Sequences and Series of functions.
II. Metric Spaces
Metric spaces – completeness, compactness and connectedness – continuity and
uniform continuity of functions from one metric space into another.
Topological spaces – base and subbase – continuous function.
III. Elementary Number Theory
Primes and composite numbers – Fundamental Theorem of arithmetic – divisibility –
congruences – Fermat’s theorem – Wilson’s Theorem – Euler’s Ø - function.
IV. Group Theory
Groups, subgroups, normal subgroups – quotient groups – homomorphisms and
isomorphism theorems – permutation groups, cyclic groups, Cayley’s theorem. Sylow’s
theorems and their applications.
V. Ring Theory
Rings, integral domains, fields – subrings and ideals – Quotient rings – homomorphisms
– Prime ideals and maximal ideals – polynomial rings – Irreducibility of polynomials – Euclidean
domains and principal ideal domains.
VI. Vector Spaces
Vector Spaces, Subspaces – Linear dependence and independence of vectors – basis
and dimension – Quotient spaces – Inner product spaces – Orthonormal basis – Gram –
Schmidt process.
VII. Matrix Theory
Linear transformations – Rank and nullity – change of bases.
Matrix of a linear transformation – singular and non-singular matrices – Inverse of matrix
– Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrix and of linear transformation – Cayley – Hamilton’s
theorem.
VIII. Complex Analysis
Algebra of complex numbers – the complex plane – Complex functions and their
Analyticity – Cauchy-Riemann equations – Mobius transformations.
Power Series.
Complex Integration – Cauchy’s theorem – Morera’s Theorem – Cauchy’s integral
formula – Liouville’s theorem – Maximum modules principle – Schwarz’s lemma – Taylor’s
series – Laurents series.
Calculus of residues and evaluation of integrals.
IX. Ordinary Differential Equation
Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) of first order and first degree – Different methods of
solving them – Exact Differential equations and integrating factors.
ODE of first order and higher degree – equations solvable for p, x and y – Clairaut’s
equations – Singular Solutions.
Linear differential equations with constant coefficients and variable coefficients –
variation of parameters.
X. Partial Differential Equations
Formation of differential equations (PDE) – Lagrange and Charpit methods for solving
first order – PDE’s – Cauchy problem for first order PDE’s Classification of second order PDE’s
– General solution of higher order PDE’s with constant coefficients.

                                         18. PHYSICS

I. Mathematical Methods of Physics
Dimensional analysis. Vector algebra and vector calculus. Linear algebra, matrices, Cayley-
Hamilton Theorem. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Linear ordinary differential equations of first
& second order, Special functions (Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre and Legendre functions). Fourier
series, Fourier and Laplace transforms. Elements of complex analysis, analytic functions; Taylor
& Laurent series; poles, residues and evaluation of integrals. Elementary probability theory,
random variables, binomial, Poisson and normal distributions. Central limit theorem.
Data interpretation and analysis. Precision and accuracy. Error analysis, propagation of errors.
Least squares fitting, Linear and non-linear curve fitting and Chi-Square Test.
II. Classical Mechanics
Newton’s laws. Dynamical systems, Phase space dynamics, stability analysis. Central force
motions. Two body Collisions – scattering in laboratory and Centre of mass frames. Rigid body
dynamics-moment of inertia tensor. Non-inertial frames and pseudoforces. Variational principle.
Generalized coordinates. Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism and equations of motion.
Conservation laws and cyclic coordinates. Periodic motion: small oscillations, normal modes.
Special theory of relativity-Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics and mass-energy
equivalence.
III. Electromagnetic Theory
Electrostatics : Gauss’s law and its applications, Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary
value problems. Magnetostatics : Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s theorem. Electromagnetic
induction. Maxwell’s equations in free space and linear isotropic media; boundary conditions on
the fields at interfaces. Scalar and vector potentials, gauge invariance. Electromagnetic waves
in free space. Dielectrics and conductors. Reflection and refraction, polarization, Fresnel’s law,
interference, coherence, and diffraction. Dynamics of charged particles in static and uniform
electromagnetic fields. Charged particles in inhomogeneous fields.
IV. Quantum Mechanics
Wave-particle duality. Schrödinger equation (time-dependent and time-independent).
Eigenvalue problems (particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, etc.). Tunneling through a barrier.
Wave-function in coordinate and momentum representations. Commutators and Heisenberg
uncertainty principle. Dirac notation for state vectors. Motion in a central potential : orbital
angular momentum, angular momentum algebra, spin, addition of angular momenta; Hydrogen
aom. Stern-Gerlach experiment. Time-independent perturbation theory and applications.
Variational method. Time dependent perturbation theory and Fermi’s golden rule, selection
rules. Identical particles, Pauli exclusion principle, spin-statistics connection.
V. Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics
Laws of thermodynamics and their significance. Thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell relations,
chemical potential, phase equilibria. Phase space, micro-and macro-states. Micro-canonical,
canonical and grand-canonical ensembles and partition functions. Free energy and its
connection with thermodynamic quantities. Classical and quantum statistics. Bose and Fermi
gases. Principle of detailed balance. Blackbody radiation and Planck’s distribution law.
VI. Electronics
Semiconductors devices (diodes, junctions, transistors, field effect devices, homo- and heterojunction
devices), device structure, device characteristics, frequency dependence and
applications. Opto-electronic devices (solar cells, photo-detectors, LEDs). Operational amplifiers
and their applications. Digital techniques and applications (Logic circuits, registers, counters and
comparators). A/D and D/A converters. Microprocessor microcontroller basics. Fundamentals of
communication electronics, modulation techniques.
VII. Atomic & Molecular Physics
Quantum states of an electron in an atom. Electron spin. Spectrum of helium and alkali atom.
Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen atom, hyperfine structure and isotopic shift,
width of spectrum lines, LS & JJ couplings. Zeeman, Paschen-Bach & Stark effects. Electron
spin resonance. Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical shift. Frank-Condon principle.
Electronic, rotational, vibrational and Raman spectra of diatomic molecules, selection rules.
Lasers : spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A & B coefficients. Optical pumping,
population inversion, rate equation. Modes of resonators and coherence length.
VIII. Condensed Matter Physics
Bravais lattices. Reciprocal lattice. Diffraction and the structure factor. Bonding of solids. Elastic
properties, phonons, lattice specific heat. Free electron theory and electronic specific heat.
Response and relaxation phenomena. Drude model of electrical and thermal conductivity. Hall
effect and thermoelectric power. Electron motion in a periodic potential, band theory of solids :
metals, insulators and semiconductors. Superconductivity : type-I and type-II superconductors.
Josephson junctions. Superfluidity. Defects and dislocations. Ordered phases of matter :
translational and orientational order, kinds of liquid crystalline order. Quasi crystals.
IX. Nuclear and Particle Physics
Basic nuclear properties ; size, shape and charge distribution, spin and parity. Binding energy,
semi-empirical mass formula, liquid drop model. Nature of the nuclear force, form of nucleonnucleon
potential, charge-independence and charge-symmetry of nuclear forces. Deuteron
problem. Evidence of shell structure, single-particle shell model, its validity and limitations.
Elementary ideas of alpha, beta and gamma decays and their selection rules. Fission and
fusion. Nuclear reactions, reaction mechanism, compound nuclei and direct reactions.
 
       19. CHEMISTRY INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

1. Atomic structure and chemical bonding – structure and bonding in homo and hetero
nuclear molecules. Applications of VSEPR, Valence Bond and Molecular orbital theories in
explaining the structures of simple molecules.
2. Transition elements and coordination compounds – physical and chemical
characteristics of transition elements – Bonding theories – crystal field theory – crystal field
splitting patterns in various geometries. Calculation of CFSE – Jahn-Teller effect – Application
of MO theory to octahedral and square planar complexes – Electronic spectra of complexes –
Russell Saunders coupling – term symbols – spectra of octahedral and tetrahedral complexes –
charge transfer spectra – magnetic properties of complex compounds.
3. Metal - ligand equilibria in solution – step wise and overall stability constants – factors
affecting the stability of metal complexes – Pearson’s theory of hard and soft acids and bases
(HSAB) – Chelate effect.
4. Reaction mechanisms in complexes – Inert and level complexes – Ligand substitution
reactions of octahedral complexes – Acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis – conjugate base
mechanism – Anation reactions – substitution reactions of square planar complexes – Trans
effect – Electron transfer reactions – Inner and outer sphere mechanisms.
5. Metal complexes - EAN rule – structure and bonding of metal carbonyls of Mn, Fe, Co
and Ni – Metal nitrosyls – structure and bonding.
6. Cages and ring compounds – preparation, structure and reactions of boranes and
carboranes – Boron-nitrogen and Sulfur-nitrogen cyclic compounds.
7. Metal clusters – factors favoring M-M bonds – Structure and bonding in Re2Cl8
2-,
Mo6Cl8
4+, Nb6X12
2+, Re3Cl9 and Re3Cl12
3-.
8. Bio-inorganic chemistry – metal complexes as oxygen carriers – hemoglobin and
myoglobin – oxygen transport – non heme proteins – hemerythrin and hemocyanin.
9) Analytical chemistry – chromatography – general principles involved in separations by
paper, thin layer and column chromatography – GC and HPLC.
Physical Chemistry
1. Thermodynamics
Brief review of concepts of I and II laws of thermodynamics. Concept of entropy. Entropy as a
state function. Calculation of entropy changes in various processes. Entropy changes in an ideal
gas. Entropy changes on mixing of ideal gases. Entropy as a function of V and T. Entropy as a
function of P and T. Entropy change in isolated systems- Clausius inequality. Entropy change as
criterion for spontaneity and equilibrium.
Third law of thermodynamics. Evaluation of absolute entropies from heat capacity data for
solids, liquids and gases. Standard entropies and entropy changes of chemical reactions.
Helmholtz and Gibbs free energies (A and G). A and G as a criteria for equilibrium and
spontaneity. Physical significance of A and G. Driving force for chemical reactions- relative
signs of TH and TS.
Thermodynamic relations. Gibbs equations. Maxwell relations. Temperature dependence of G.
Gibbs- Helmholtz equation. Pressure dependence of G.
Chemical potential: Gibbs equations for non-equilibrium systems. Material equilibrium. Phase
equilibium. Clapeyron equation and Clausius-Clapeyron equation .
Conditions for equilibrium in a closed system. Chemical potential of ideal gases. Ideal-gas
reaction equlibrium-derivation of equilibrium constant. Temperature dependence of equilibrium
constant-the van’t Hoff equation.
Solutions: Specifiying the Solution composition. Partial molar poperties-significance. Relation
between solution volume and partial molar volume. Measurement of partial molar volumesslope
and intercept methods. The chemical potential. Variation of chemical potential with T and
P. Gibbs-Duhem equation-derivation and significance
Ideal solutions. Thermodynamic properties of ideal solutions. Mixing quantities. Vapour
pressure-Raoult’s law. Thermodynamic properties of ideally dilute solutions. Vapour pressure-
Henry’s law.
Nonideal systems. Concept of fugacity, fugacity coefficeient. Determination of fugacity. Non
ideal solutions. Activities and activity coefficients. Standard-state conventions for non ideal
solutions. Determination of activity coefficients from vapour pressure measurements. Activity
coefficients of nonvolatile solutes using Gibbs-Duhem equation.
Multicomponent phase equilibrium: Vapour pressure lowering, freezing point depression and
boiling point elevation
2. Statistical Thermodynamics
Concepts of distribution and probability. Estimation of probability and the most probable
distribution. Systems composed of noninteracting particles. Derivation of Boltzmann distribution
law.
The molecular partition function. Systems composed of interacting particles. The concept of
ensemble and canonical ensemble. Canonical partition function and its relation to molecular
partition function. The factorization of molecular partition function – translational, rotational,
vibrational and electronic partition functions. Derivation of expressions for translational,
rotational (diatomic) and vibrational partition functions. Relationship between partition functions
and thermodynamic functions.
The relationship between partition functions and thermodynamic functions. Specific heats of
solids – Einstein equation of heat capacity of solids – derivation. Explanation of heat capacity at
very low and very high temperatures – Dulong and Petits Law. Debye theory.
The entropy of a monoatomic ideal gas. The Sackur-Tetrode equation- derivation. Mean
translational and vibrational energies.
3. Electrochemistry
Electrochemical Cells : Derivation of Nernst equation – problems. Chemical and
concentration cells (with and without transference). Liquid junction potential – derivation of the
expression for LJP – its determination and elimination. Applications of EMF measurements :
Solubility product, potentiometric titrations, determination of transport numbers, equilibrium
constant measurements.
Decomposition potential and its significance. Electrode polarization – its causes and
elimination. Concentration overpotential.
Concept of activity and activity coefficients in electrolytic solutions. The mean ionic activity
coefficient. Debye-Huckel theory of electrolytic solutions. Debye-Huckel limiting law (derivation
not required). Calculation of mean ionic activity coefficient. Limitations of Debye-Huckel theory.
Extended Debye-Huckel law.
Theory of electrolytic conductance. Derivation of Debye-Huckel-Onsager equation – its validity
and limitations.
Concept of ion association – Bjerrum theory of ion association (elementary treatment) -
ion association constant – Debye-Huckel-Bjerrum equation.
4. Quantum Chemistry
Black body radiation-Planck’s concept of quantization-Planck’s equation, average energy of an
oscillator (derivation not required). Wave particle duality and uncertain principle-significance of
these for microscopic entities. Emergence of quantum mechanics. Wave mechanics and
Schroedinger wave equation.
Operators-operator algebra. Commutation of operators, linear operators.Complex functions.
Hermitian operators. Operators and 2 . Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues. Degeneracy. Linear
combination of eigenfunctions of an operator. Well behaved functions. Normalized and
orthogonal functions.
Postulates of quantum mechanics. Physical interpretation of wave function. Observables and
operators. Measurability of operators. Average values of observables. The time dependent
Schrodinger equation. Separation of variables and the time-independent Schrodinger equation..
Theorems of quantum mechanics. Real nature of the eigen values of a Hermitian operatorsignificance.
Orthogonal nature of the eigen values of a Hermitian operator-significance of
orthogonality. Expansion of a function in terms of eigenvalues. Eigen functions of commuting
operators-significance. Simultaneous measurement of properties and the uncertainty principle.
Particle in a box- one dimensional and three dimensional. Plots of and 2-discussion.
Degeneracy of energy levels. Comparison of classical and quantum mechanical particles.
Calculations using wave functions of the particle in a box-orthoganality, measurability of energy,
position and momentum, average values and probabilities. Application to the spectra of
conjugated molecules.
Cartesian, Polar and spherical polar coordinates and their interrelations
Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom- separation into three equations. Hydrogen like
wave functions. Radial and angular functions. Quantum numbers n, l and m and their
importance. The radial distribution functions. Hydrogen like orbitals and their representation.
Polar plots, contour plots and boundary diagrams.
Many electron systems. Approximate methods. The variation method-variation theorem and its
proof. Trial variation function and variation integral. Examples of variational calculations. Paricle
in a box. Construction of trial function by the method of linear combinations. Variation
parameters. Secular equations and secular determinant..
Bonding in molecules. Molecular orbital theory-basic ideas. Construction of MOs by LCAO , H2
+
ion. The variationan integral for H2
+ ion. Detailed calculation of Wave functions and energies for
the bonding and antibonding MOs. Physical picture of bonding and antibonding wave functions.
Energy diagram. The MO and VB wave functions for H2 molecule and their comparision
5. Chemical Kinetics
Theories of reaction rates : Collision theory, steric factor. Tranition state theory. Reaction
coordinate, activated complex and the transition state. Thermodynamic formulation of transition
state theory. Unimolecular reactions and Lindamann’s theory.
Complex reactions- Opposing reactions, parallel reactions and consecutive reactions(all first
order type). Chain reactions-general characteristics, steady state treatment. Example- H2-Br2
reaction. Derivation of rate law.
Effect of structure on reactivity- Linear free energy relationships. Hammett and Taft equationssubstituent(
and *) and reaction constant ( and * )with examples.
Factors affecting reaction rates in solution. Diffusion controlledr eactions. Influence of dielectric
constant and ionic strength on ion-ion, ion-dipole and dipole-dipole reactions. Primary and
secondary salt effects. Kinetic isotope effects: Primary and secondary isotope effects. Solvent
isotope effects.
Enzyme catalysis: Chemical catalysis and enzyme catalysis – distinction – energy
considerations and rate accelerations – examples.
Michaelis-Menten mechanisms of enzyme catalyzed reactions involving one and two
intermediates. Steady-sate approximation. Derivation of kinetic equations. Evaluation of kinetic
parameters. Enzyme-substrate complex: Fischer’s lock and key and Koshland’s induced fit
hypotheses. Specificity of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Discussion of the various types of forces
involved in the formation of E-S complex. pH dependence of enzyme-catalyzed reactions – the
kinetics and the equations involved.
6. Photochemistry
Electronic transitions in molecules. The Franck Condon principle. Electronically excited
molecules- singlet and triplet states. Radiative life times of excited states-theoretical treatment.
Measured lifetimes. Quantum yield and its determination. Actinomety-ferrioxalate and uranyl
oxalate actinometers-problems.
Derivation of fluorescence and phosphorescence quantum yields. E-type delayed fluorescenceevaluation
of triplet energy splitting(TEST). Photophysical processes-photophysical kinetics of
unimolecular reactions. Calculation of rate constants of various photophysical processesproblems,
State diagrams
Photochemical primary processes. Types of photochemical reactions- electron transfer,
photodissociation, addition, abstraction, oxidation and isomerization reactions with examples.
Effect of light intensity on the rates of photochemical reactions. Photosensitization. Quenching-
Stern Volmer equation. Experimental set up of a photochemical reaction. Introduction to fast
reactions- Principle of flash photolysis
7. Solid state chemistry
Magnetic properties of solids- classification of magnetic materials, Magnetic susceptibility,
Langevin diamagnetism, Weiss theory of para magnetism
Electronic properties of metals, insulators and semi conductors: Electronic structure of
solids, Band theory, band structure of metals, insulators and semiconductors. Electrons, holes
and Excitons. The temperature dependence of conductivity of extrinsic semi conductors. Photo
conductivity and photovoltaic effect-p-n junctions.
Superconductivity. Occurrence of superconductivity. Destruction of superconductivity by
magnetic fields-Meisner effect. Types of superconductors. Theories of super conductivity- BCS
theory.
lORGANIC CHEMISTRY
1) IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules including structural, positional, functional, regioand
stereoisomers.
2) Molecular representations: Wedge, Fischer, Newman and Saw-horse formulae, their
description and interconversions. Stereoisomers-classification-configuration –R,Snomenclature-
Criteria for Chirality. Axially chiral allenes, spiranes, alkylidene cycloalkanes,
chiral biaryls, atropisomerism. Planar chiral ansa compounds and trans- cyclooctene.
Helically chiral compounds, Determination of absolute configuration by chemical correlation
methods. Determination of configuration in E,Z-nomenclature: Spectral and Chemical
methods of configuration determination of E,Z isomers. Determination of configuration in
aldoximes and ketoximes.
3) Nature of Bonding in Organic Molecules and Aromaticity, Delocalized chemical bondingconjugation,
cross conjugation, resonance, hyperconjugation, tautomerism, Huckle's rule
and the concept of aromaticity, aromaticity in benzenoid and non-benzenoid compounds,
alternant and non-alternant hydrocarbons, metallocenes- Ferrocene, Azulenes, Fulvenes,
Annulenes, anti-aromaticity, pseudo-aromaticity, homo-aromaticity.
4) Reactive intermediates and Molecular rearrangements. Reactive Intermediates: Generation,
detection, structure, stability and reactions of carbocations, carbanions, carbenes, nitrenes
and free radicals. Molecular rearrangements: Definition and classification. Molecular
rearrangements involving 1) electron deficient carbon: Wagner- Meerwein, Pinacol-
Pinacolone, Allylic and Wolf rearrangement. 2) electron deficient Nitrogen: Hofmann,
Lossen, Curtius, Schmidt and Beckmann rearrangements 3) electron deficient Oxygen:
Baeyer-Villiger oxidation. 4) Base catalyzed rearrangements: Benzilic acid, Favourski,
Transannular, Sommlett-Hauser and Smiles rearrangement
5) Organic Reaction mechanism-I Electrophilic addition to carbon-carbon double bond:
Stereoselective addition to carbon-carbon double bond; anti addition- Bromination and
epoxidation followed by ring opening. Syn addition of OsO4 and KMnO4. Hydroboration.
Michael reaction. Elimination reactions E2, E1, E1CB mechanisms. Orientation and
stereoselectivity in E2 eliminations. Pyrolytic syn elimination and V-elimination, elimination
Vs substitution. Determination of reaction mechanism: Energy profiles of addition and
elimination reactions, transition states, product isolation and structure of intermediates, use
of isotopes, chemical trapping, crossover experiments.
6) Importance of heterocyclic compounds as drugs. Nomenclature of heterocyclic systems
based on ring size, number and nature of hetero atoms. Synthesis and reactivity of pyrrole,
furan, thiophene, pyridine, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, quinoline, isoquinoline.
7) Alkaloids and terpenoids- Importance of natural products as drugs. Isolation of natural
products by steam distillation, solvent extraction and chemical methods. Structure
determination and synthesis of papaverine, nicotine and quinine-General methods in the
structure determination of terpenes. Isoprene rule, structure determination and synthesis of
V-terpeniol and camphor.
8) Organic Photochemistry, Photochemical energy, Frank-Condon principles, Jablonski
diagram, singlet and triplet states, dissipation of photochemical energy, photosensitization,
quenching, quantum efficiency and quantum yield. Photochemistry of carbonyl compounds -
n* and * transitions. Norrish type-I and Norrish type-II cleavages. Paterno-Buchi reactions,
Photoreduction, photochemistry of enones - hydrogen abstraction, rearrangements of ,-
unsaturated ketones and cyclohexadienones, photochemistry of p-benzoquinones. Dienes -
photochemistry of 1,3-butadienes, (2+2) additions leading to cage structures,
photochemistry of cyclohexadienes, photochemistry of aromatic compounds, exicited state
of benzene and its 1,2-, 1,4- additions
9) Pericyclic Reactions Molecular orbital symmetry, Frontier orbitals of ethylene, 1,3
butadiene, 1,3,5 hexatriene and allyl system. Classification of pericyclic reactions.
Woodward - Hoffmann correlation diagrams. FMO and PMO (Mobius Huckel) approaches.
Electrocyclic reactions-Conrotatory and disrotatory. 4n, 4n+2 and allyl systems.
Cycloadditions-antarafacial and suprafacial additions, 4n and 4n+2 systems, 2+2 addition
of ketene, 1,3 dipolar cycloadditions Sigmatropic rearrangements - Suprafacial and
antarafacial shifts of H, Sigmatropic shifts involving carbon moieties, 3,3 and 5,5
sigmatropic rearrangements.
10) Structure determination of organic compounds by UV IR, NMR an Mass Various electronic
transitions, Beer-Lambert’s law, effect of solvent on electronic transitions, ultraviolet bands
for carbonyl compounds, unsaturated carbonyl Compounds, dienes, conjugated polyenes,
Effect of hydrogen bonding and solvent effects-NMR-Shielding mechanism, mechanism of
measurement, chemical shift values, chemical exchange, complex spin-spin interaction, 13C
NMR spectroscopy, chemical shift-Mass spectral fragmentation of organic compounds,
common functional groups, molecular-ion peak, metastable peak.

      20. COMMERCIAL AND COMPUTER PRACTICE

(To teach Commerce and English Type writing & Shorthand)
01. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT:
Corporation Finance – Economic and Managerial Aspects – Finance Education.
Financial Plan – Operating and Financial leverage – Capital Structure determinants.
Internal Financial Control – Ratio Analysis – Break-even Analysis – Sources and uses of funds
statements.
Concepts of valuation and cost of capital – Cost of Debt - Cost of preference capital – Cost of
Equity Capital – Cost of retained earnings – Weighted Cost of Capital.
Fundamentals of capital Budgeting – Evaluation of Investment opportunities – Pay back
Accounting, Rate of Return – Discounted cash flow Techniques.
Concepts of over and under capitalisation – Working Capital management – Management of
Inventories. Receivables and Cash.
Economics and Income retention – divided policy. Financial Aspects of expansion,
reconstruction and recognition.
02. INDUSTRIAL ORGANISATION:
Concepts of Industry, Firm and Plant.
Size of Units – Optimum firm and representation firm – Size in Private and Public Sectors in
India – Problems and Policy implications – Multi-Plant Units – Multi-Plant Units in Private and
Public Sectors – Economic Problems and Policy Size and efficiency.
Location – Concepts of Location and Localisation – Location criteria – Factors influencing
Localisation – Measures of Localisation – Localisation pattern in Indian Industry – Balanced
Regional Development – Location development of managers – Performance Appraisal.
State and Industry – Operational Control over Private Industry.
03. LABOUR ECONOMICS AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS:
Labour in Industrial Society – Man Power Problems of under developed countries.
Economics of the Labour Market – Factors affecting supply and demand for labour – Concepts
of full employment, unemployment – Different types of unemployment – Causes – effects and
remedial measures, labour mobility – Absenteeism and turnover.
Social security and Labour Welfare – Problems of Social Security in a developing economy –
Social Security in India. Settlement of Industrial Disputes – Machinery for the same.
Collective bargaining – Objectives and methods – Issues in Bargaining.
Tripartite bodies in Industrial Relations.
04. MANAGEMENT:
Organisation Concept – Different approaches to the study of Organisation. Constraints over
organisational and managerial Performance. Principles of Organisation.
Planning – Business Objectives – Social responsibilities of business.
Authority, Power, Influence and the art of delegation. Span of Supervision.
Line and Staff relationships.
Bases and problems of departmentation.
Centralisation and Decentralisation.
Bureaucracy – Committee Management.
Top management functions and the role of the Board.
Control functions in organisations.
Group dynamics.
Communication – Leader ship – Motivation – Morale – Training and Development of Managers
– Performance appraisal.
 
                   21. MINING ENGINEERING

1. GEOLOGY: Structural Geology: Definition and scope. Recognition of faults, folds,
joints, unconfirmaties etc., Primary and induced structures, their importance in Mining, Bedding,
Liniation, foliation, fracture, Cleat etc., field Geology; importance and scope of filed Geology,
field techniques, geological mapping. Use of survey equipment.
2. Principles of Stratigraphy.
3. EXPLORATORY DRILLING: Principles, selection of site, lay outs, details of equipment,
methods of drilling and their variation, interpretation of bore holo data.
4. EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING: Classification, types and use of explosives storage and
transport. Blasting techniques in UG and open cost mines.
5. SUPPORTS: Objectives, limitations of mine supports, Types of mine supports and
systematic timbering.
6. OPENING AND CHOICE OF MINING METHODS: Opening, development of mineral
deposits, classification of mining methods, merits, demerits and application. Bord and pillar
mining. Long wall mining. Open cast mining and their variations. Design of suitable
methodology of mining for specific conditions like thickness, depth, inclination, annual
production etc.,
7. METAL MINING: Scope and limitations of U/G mining methods, Classification of U/G
metal mining systems and their applications in different conditions.
8. MINE SURVEYING: Principles of surveying. Different methods and their importance.
Chain surveying. Compass surveying, theodolite surveying, plane labling, levelling,
triangulation, correlation. Astronomical terms and definitions. Mine plans and sections.
Regulations pertaining to plans and sections.
9. MINING MACHINERY: Elements of transport system, classification and techno
economic indecies. Rope haulage, locomotive haulage, conveyers, Aerial rope ways, trackless
haulage, Winding. Drainage and pumping.
10. MINE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING: Mine air and environment. Natural and
mechanical ventilation, Types, design variables, selection, installation and maintenance. Mine
fires, explosions and innundations, Rescue and recovery.
11. MINE LIGISLATION AND SAFETY: Regulations pertaining to conservation’s,
exploitation of mineral deposits. Safety welfare and hygiene of mine workers.